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Top 10 Tips for Managing Acute Sinusitis in Singapore's Humid Climate

sinusitis singapore

Sinusitis, a very common condition in Singapore that affects countless individuals worldwide. It involves the inflammation or swelling of the tissues lining the nose and sinuses, which are hollow spaces within your facial bones and lie between your eyes, behind your cheekbones, and in your forehead. Typically, sinuses are filled with air, but when they become blocked and filled with fluid, viral, bacterial (and sometimes fungal) germs can grow and cause an infection. Sinusitis can take the acute form (lasting less than 12 weeks) or chronic form. This article will focus on ACUTE SINUSITIS

Factors contributing to sinus blockage include the common cold, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum. In Singapore's humid climate, a significant proportion of the population has allergies to house dust mites (that thrive in this humid environment). These individuals have a higher risk of developing sinus infections, which are a supercedent of the underlying nasal allergies. This can exacerbate their sinus blockage [1]. This humidity helps pathogens thrive and contributes to nasal passages' swelling, making sinusitis a particularly pressing issue for residents.

sinusitis singapore
The sinuses can become blocked with fluid and germs, causing an infection.

Managing sinusitis is crucial, not only to alleviate the immediate discomforts—such as headaches, facial pain, nasal congestion, and reduced sense of smell—but also to prevent serious complications.  Untreated sinusitis can lead to more severe infections that may spread to the eyes or brain, which are rare but serious life-threatening complications. Moreover, persistent congestion and swelling can disrupt your daily life, affecting sleep, concentration, and overall quality of life.

Effective sinusitis management helps reduce the immediate symptoms and minimises the risk of complications. Regular care and preventive measures can maintain open sinuses and promote better sinus health. This proactive approach ensures that sinus issues are handled before they escalate into more severe conditions, allowing individuals to enjoy a healthier life amidst the challenges of Singapore's humid environment. 

In this article, we will explore some practical tips to manage and prevent sinusitis effectively, ensuring that you breathe easier even when the air around you is less than ideal. 

sinusitis singapore
A healthy sinus is clear and unobstructed, whereas sinusitis is characterised by inflammation and blockage of the sinuses, often leading to infection and facial pain.

What causes or exacerbates acute sinusitis in Singapore? 

Before we move on to the tips for managing acute sinusitis, let's look at the causes of this uncomfortable condition and understand what can exacerbate it. This knowledge not only aids in effective management but also helps prevent its occurrence.

Common causes of acute sinusitis in Singapore

  • Viral infections: the most common trigger for sinusitis is a viral infection, such as the common cold. These infections inflame and block the nasal passages, which may lead to sinus congestion.
  • Bacterial infections: while viral infections are more common, this can lead to secondary bacterial infections, particularly when the sinuses have been blocked for a longer period due to the stasis of mucus that gets colonised by bacteria. 
  • Fungal infections: in some cases, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems, fungi in the air can lead to fungal sinusitis. Most forms of fungal sinusitis are not particularly harmful, but in some cases, they can be lethal, such as with acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis
bacterial sinusitis singapore
Bacterial sinusitis is a bacterial infection of the sinuses that leads to inflammation and congestion that often requires antibiotic treatment.

Exacerbating factors of acute sinusitis in Singapore

  • Allergies: allergic reactions, particularly to dust, pollen, and pet dander, can cause nasal passages to swell and block the sinuses [2]. These allergens can be particularly persistent in places like Singapore, where the air is often moist.
  • Nasal polyps: these are small growths in the nasal lining that can obstruct the nasal passages and sinuses, resulting in chronic issues and infections [3].
  • Deviated septum: an irregularity in the wall that separates the two sides of the nose can hinder sinus drainage and increase the likelihood of sinusitis [4].
  • Environmental irritants: smoke, pollution, and strong odours can irritate the nose and cause inflammation, worsening sinus conditions.
  • Climate: humidity plays a significant role in sinusitis. High humidity can increase the moisture content in the sinuses, which helps bacteria and fungi thrive. Conversely, very dry air can irritate the sinuses and also lead to blockages [5].
  • Immune system disorders: people with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infections, including sinusitis [6].

Understanding these causes and exacerbating factors is essential in managing and preventing sinusitis effectively. Each factor can contribute to the persistence or severity of sinusitis symptoms, and addressing them through targeted strategies can significantly enhance quality of life and reduce the frequency of sinusitis flare-ups.

deviated septum singapore sinus
A deviated septum can exacerbate sinusitis symptoms.

Does high humidity make sinusitis worse?

High humidity can significantly contribute to causing or exacerbating sinusitis, particularly in regions like Singapore, where the climate is consistently moist and warm. Let's explore how this happens and why understanding humidity's role is crucial for those living in or visiting humid areas.

  • Moisture and pathogen growth: high humidity adds extra moisture to the air, leading to swelling in the nasal passages [7]. This swelling can obstruct the natural drainage of the sinuses, creating a stagnant environment where bacteria and fungi can grow and thrive. In the warm and humid conditions typical of Singapore, these pathogens find an ideal breeding ground, which can increase the risk of developing sinus infections.
  • Mucosal irritation: in highly humid environments, the air is saturated with water vapour. This excessive moisture can cause the lining of the nasal passages to become swollen and irritated, exacerbating the symptoms of sinusitis, such as nasal congestion and pressure in the sinuses. High humidity can worsen these symptoms in individuals with sensitive respiratory systems or conditions like allergic rhinitis.
  • Allergen proliferation: humidity also affects the concentration of allergens in the air. Dust mites, mould spores, and pollen—all common triggers for allergic reactions—are more prevalent in moist conditions [8]. Allergic reactions can cause inflammation in the sinuses, further impeding drainage and increasing the likelihood of infection.

Tips for managing Sinusitis in Singapore's humid climate

Managing sinusitis effectively becomes crucial for maintaining overall health while living in Singapore's humid climate. With the right strategies, you can reduce both the frequency and severity of sinus infections. Let's discuss the top 10 tips to help you manage sinusitis, ensuring you can breathe easier and enjoy a higher quality of life in this tropical environment. 

Tip #1: Stay hydrated

Keeping your body well-hydrated is a simple yet effective strategy for managing sinusitis [9]. Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin the mucus in your sinuses, which allows for easier drainage and reduces the risk of blockages that can lead to infections. Aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily, and consider including herbal teas, which can also be soothing.

Tip #2: Use a dehumidifier

Using a dehumidifier in humid climates like Singapore can help maintain optimal indoor humidity levels, ideally between 30% and 50%. This helps prevent the overgrowth of mould and dust mites, common allergens that irritate the sinuses. Reducing indoor humidity can lessen nasal swelling and improve overall sinus health.

Tip #3: Regular nasal washing

Nasal washing, or irrigation with a saline solution, is a proven method for keeping the nasal passages clear of irritants and excess mucus [10]. It can be done using a Neti pot, squeeze bottle, or saline spray. Regular nasal washing flushes out pathogens and debris, which helps prevent sinus infections and alleviates congestion symptoms. However, caution should be exercised when using these long-term. Discuss with your ENT specialist in Singapore for advice on using this for more than three months continuously. 

nasal irrigatio
Nasal irrigation involves flushing the nasal passages with saline solution to clear mucus, reduce congestion, and alleviate symptoms of sinusitis and colds.

Tip #4: Avoid allergens

Common allergens in Singapore include pollen, dust mites, and mould spores, all of which can trigger or worsen sinusitis. To minimise exposure, keep windows closed during high pollen seasons, use allergen-proof bedding, and clean your home regularly using a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner to reduce dust and pet dander. Speak to your ENT Specialist in Singapore with a subspecialty interest in sinus and allergy to get the most accurate information regarding allergen avoidance specific to your allergies, which can be ascertained through skin prick testing or blood allergy testing

Tip #5: Opt for air purifiers

Air purifiers equipped with HEPA filters help to reduce airborne irritants from indoor environments. These devices can capture particles, including pollen, smoke, and pet dander, which helps keep the air in your home cleaner and reduces the risk of sinus irritation. These are particularly useful for susceptible individuals during periods of the regional Haze. 

Tip #6: Manage air conditioning

While air conditioning can be a relief in hot, humid climates, it can also dry out the air excessively, which may irritate the sinuses and throat. To use air conditioning effectively, maintain a stable, moderate temperature and use a humidifier if the air becomes too dry. This balance can help keep your sinuses from becoming too dry or too moist. Avoid overusing the air conditioner. 

Tip #7: Incorporate steam inhalation

Steam inhalation is a beneficial treatment for easing sinus congestion and irritation [11]. It can help moisturise nasal and sinus passages, soften mucus and promote drainage. You can use a steam inhaler or breathe in steam from a hot bath or bowl of hot water. This alone will not be sufficient but can be used in conjunction with the other measures that your ENT specialist may advise you. 

Tip #8: Embrace a sinus-friendly diet

Certain dietary choices can help manage sinusitis by reducing inflammation and strengthening the immune system. These include omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and flaxseeds, antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, and spices like turmeric and ginger, which have natural anti-inflammatory properties [12]. Avoiding dairy, sugar, and refined carbohydrates may also reduce mucus production.

Tip #9: Exercise regularly

Moderate, regular exercise can improve blood circulation, which helps decrease the risk of inflammation and aids in clearing sinuses. Activities like walking, swimming, and yoga are particularly beneficial for those prone to sinus issues, as they can help enhance overall respiratory health.

Tip #10: Knowing when to escalate…Consult with an ENT specialist

If these measures do not alleviate your symptoms, it is best to seek treatment early with an ENT Specialist in Singapore with subspecialty training in sinus and allergic diseases so that prompt medical and sometimes surgical treatment can return you to health as soon as possible. A specialist can offer medical treatments such as medication prescriptions, where sometimes appropriate use of steroids and/or antibiotics may be necessary, and occasionally surgical options if required. Always seek professional advice if symptoms persist or worsen.

preventing sinusitis singapore
Regular exercise is crucial for managing sinus health and preventing chronic sinusitis complications.

By implementing these tips, you can effectively manage and reduce the symptoms of sinusitis, leading to a more comfortable and healthier life in humid environments like Singapore.

Conclusion 

Effectively managing sinusitis in Singapore's humid climate is crucial for maintaining health and comfort. By staying hydrated, using a dehumidifier, avoiding allergens, and ensuring clean air through purifiers, as well as moderate air conditioning, you can significantly alleviate the symptoms of sinusitis. Remember, these steps are about managing symptoms and improving your overall quality of life. If sinusitis continues to be a challenge, consider consulting an ENT specialist. Taking action today can lead to a healthier, more comfortable tomorrow, allowing you to enjoy the beauty and vibrancy of life in Singapore fully.

References

  1. Commentary: Why are sinus problems so common in Singapore? (n.d.). CNA. Retrieved April 29, 2024, from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/sinus-stuffy-nose-sneezing-allergy-rhinitis-rhinosinusitis-singapore-3650331 
  2. Small, P., Keith, P. K., & Kim, H. (2018). Allergic rhinitis. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 14(2), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0280-7 
  3. Stevens, W. W., Schleimer, R. P., & Kern, R. C. (2016). Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 4(4), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2016.04.012 
  4. Alsaggaf, Z. H., Almadfaa, A. O., Marouf, A. A., Alfawaz, K. S., Niyazi, R. A., Ibrahim, N. K., & Ajlan, A. M. (2022). Sinusitis and its association with deviated nasal septum at a tertiary hospital: A retrospective study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 17(6), 1065–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.06.001 
  5. Dry sinuses: Remedies, causes, and how to treat them. (2020, July 27). https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dry-sinuses 
  6. Sinus infection | causes, symptoms & treatment. (n.d.). ACAAI Public Website. Retrieved April 29, 2024, from https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/sinus-infection/ 
  7. 6 health symptoms associated with humidity. (n.d.). Retrieved April 29, 2024, from https://www.getawair.com/blog/6-health-symptoms-associated-with-humidity 
  8. Overview: Dust mite allergies. (2023). In InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK447098/ 
  9. What to do about sinusitis. (2010, April 6). Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/what_to_do_about_sinusitis 
  10. Principi, N., & Esposito, S. (2017). Nasal irrigation: An imprecisely defined medical procedure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5), 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050516 
  11. Here are the 5 benefits of steam inhalation. (n.d.). Verywell Health. Retrieved April 29, 2024, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/steam-inhalation-for-cold-and-sinus-5213591 
  12. Attia, T. M. (2020). Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treatment of nasal polyposis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 34(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892419871802 

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    Allergy & Sinus ENT Specialist Centre
    Head & Neck Surgery Singapore

    Dr Soma Subramaniam
    MBBCH (IRE), DOHNS(ENG), MMED-ORL(NUS), FRCS-ORL(ENG)
    Consultant ENT Specialist and Surgeon
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